Wednesday, November 11, 2009

Medieval history

Identity

The division of warrior class into many castes and their consolidation commenced during the time of Kakatiya king Rudra I (1158-1195 CE). According to Velugotivari Vamsavali and Padmanayakacharitra, texts written in medieval times, farmers (Kapus) became Kammas and Velamas[37][38]. In medieval times the term 'Kapu' meant a farmer or protector.

"...kaalachoditamuna kaakateevarugolchi kaapulella velama kammalairi"

(Telugu: "....కాలచోదితమున కాకతీవరుగొల్చి కాపులెల్ల వెలమ, కమ్మలైరి")

Badabanala Bhatta prescribed Surnames and Gothras of Kammas and Velamas. The affiliation of Kammas as a caste to the ruling dynasties could not be ascribed till 11th century. Traces of evidence were found in the inscriptions of Telugu Cholas/Chodas of Velanadu starting from Gonka I (1075-1115 CE), found in many places in Kammanadu. The Dharanikota kings (1130-1251 CE) who belonged to Kota clan of Kammas and Durjaya ancestry had marital alliances with Telugu Cholas[39][40]. However, there was some controversy regarding the origin of Kota kings[41]. Kota kings married the women from Kakatiya dynasty (E.g., Kota Betharaja married Ganapamba, daughter of Ganapati Deva). The Kakatiya Ganapati Deva married the sisters of Jayapa Senani, a warrior hailing from Diviseema.[42] Jayapa Nayudu is also well known for his contributions to the field of Indian dance (1231 CE)[43] and was the head of the elephant corps in the Kakatiya army. Around this time many warriors from Kammanadu joined the forces of the Kakatiya dynasty. In Warangal region Kammas are called Kamma Kapus.[44]

Famous Telugu poet Srinatha (14th century CE), while describing the social divisions during his time, categorized Padmanayaka, Velama and Kamma in his Bhimeswara Puranamu.[45].

".....andu padmanayakulana, velamalana, kammalana trimarga gangapravahambulumbole gotrambulanniyeni jagatpavitrambulai pravahimpachunda" -

(Telugu: .....అందు పద్మనాయకులన, వెలమలన, కమ్మలన త్రిమర్గ గంగాప్రవాహంబులుంబోలె గొత్రంబులన్నియెని జగత్పవిత్రంబులై ప్రవహింపచుండ)

Kakatiya period

Kammas grew to prominence during the Kakatiya dynasty's reign (1083-1323 CE) by also holding important positions in their army. One of the most famous commanders during the time of Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra II was Dadi Nagadeva who played a prominent role in warding off the attack of the Yadava king of Devagiri[46]. Nagadeva’s son Ganna Mantri, also called Ganna Senani or Yugandhar, was a great warrior and a patron of arts and literature. Ganna was the commander of Warangal fort. He was captured, converted to Islam and taken to Delhi along with Prataparudra.[47] Subsequently, he rose to the exalted position of 'Wazir' in Delhi durbar and was sent to rule Punjab.[48][49] Poet Maarana dedicated his Markandeya Puranam to Ganna (Malik Maqbul).[50] Nagadeva’s other sons Ellaya Nayaka and Mechaya Nayaka were also valiant fighters. Another warrior of repute was Muppidi Nayaka who went on an expedition to Kanchi, defeated the Pandya king and merged it with Kakatiya dynasty in 1316 CE. In prolonged battles with Muslims between 1296 and 1323 CE. thousands of Kamma Nayakas perished along with others, in the defense of Warangal. The inhuman atrocities perpetrated by the Muslims on Telugu people later prompted two Kamma chieftains, Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka and Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka, who served the Kakatiya king Prataparudra, to raise the banner of revolt.[51][52] After the fall of Warangal they united the Nayaka chieftains, wrested Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate and ruled for 50 years.[53] (Musunuri Nayaks)

Vijayanagara period

Subsequent to the martyrdom of Kaapaaneedu (Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka) many Kammas migrated to the Vijayanagara kingdom. During the reign of Sri Krishnadevaraya Kammas belonging to thirty seven Gothras were living in the city of Vijayanagar.[54] Kamma Nayaks formed the bulwark of Vijayanagara army and were appointed as governors in many areas of Tamil Nadu.[55] Their role in protecting the last great Hindu kingdom of India was significant.[56] Some of the prominent commanders who achieved fame were:

  • Kammas controlled large swathes of southern and northern Tamil Nadu for several years under the title of Nayacker or Naicker or Naidu, which was a legacy of the Vijayanagara Empire. The Zamindaris of Ilaiyarasanadal and Kurivikulam in Tamil Nadu belong to Pemmasani families[64]

Martial clans: Many clans belonging to Kamma social group figure prominently in the battles during Vijayanagara era and in the subsequent years. Some of these clans include Pemmasani, Matcha, Vasireddy, Kodali, Sammeta, Choda/Chode, Dasari, Alamandala, Adapa, Suryadevara, Nadendla, Sakhamuri etc.[5] The most prominent Kamma commanders in Krishnadevaraya’s army belonged to Suryadevara, Vasireddy, Pemmasani, Ravella and Sayapaneni clans.

Golkonda period

Vijayanagara kingdom underwent very difficult times after the battle of Tallikota in 1565. Pemmasani Nayaks, Ravella Nayaks and Sayapaneni Nayaks steadfastly helped the Araviti kings in keeping the Muslims at bay. It took another 90 years to consolidate the Muslim power in Andhra country with the capture of Gandikota in 1652. Kamma nayaks migrated in large numbers to the Tamil region. During the Golkonda period, the Sayapaneni Nayaks (1626-1802) ruled Dupadu region as vassals of the Golkonda sultans.[65][66] Gangappa Nayudu, Venkatadri Nayudu and Rangappa Nayudu were famous among them. Ibrahim Qutb Shah captured Kondavidu in 1579. Rayarao, his Maratha commander, appointed Deshmukhs and Chowdarys in 497 villages. The usage of the title ‘Chowdary’ in coastal Andhra Pradesh commenced at this time.

Vasireddy Sadasiva Nayudu ruled Nandigama paragana from 1550 to 1581.[67] He was granted the paragana by Ibrahim Qutb Shah of Golkonda. According to Mackenzie, Virappa Nayudu was appointed as Deshmukh of Nandigama paragana in 1670. Chinapadmanabha Nayudu got a grant of 500 villages from Abul Hassan Tanisha in 1685.[68] He built a fort at Chintapalli and ruled it until 1710 CE. His successors ruled until 1760. During this period the French and the British were trying to gain control of the Andhra country. Jaggayya ruled Chintapalli from 1763 onwards. He was killed by French troops sent by Basalat Jung, brother of the Golkonda Nawab in 1771. Jaggayya’s wife Acchamma committed Sati. Jaggayya’s son Venkatadri recovered Chintapalii in 1777 and earned fame as a benevolent and illustrious ruler.[69] (Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu and Vasireddy Clan). The British gained control of Andhra by 1788 from Golkonda Nawabs. Another Kamma principality during Golkonda period was Devarakota with Challapalli as its capital. Its ruler, Yarlagadda Guruvarayudu was subdued by Abdullah Qutb Shah in 1576. His successors ruled as vassals of Golkonda till the French took over in 1751 and later the British in 1765.

British period

By the end of 18th century the British East India Company had consolidated their rule in Andhra. The armies of Zamindars and Deshmukhs were dismantled and only the power of tax collection was left intact. The well-known Kamma Zamindaris under the British rule were Muktyala, Chintapalli (Amaravati), Challapalli, Devarakota, Kapileswarapuram etc. These Zamindars encouraged modern education by establishing many schools and libraries.

Modern history

After the decline of major kingdoms, Kammas controlled large fertile areas in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, as a legacy of their martial past. The British recognized their prominence and made them village heads(Talari) also known as Chowdary to collect taxes. The association of Kammas with the land and agriculture is legendary. The martial prowess of Kammas was put to good use to tame the lands in modern times. There are many proverbs in Telugu language which speak of the Kammas’ adeptness in agriculture and their emotional attachment to the soil.

For example: Kammavani Chetulu Kattinaa Nilavadu (Telugu: కమ్మవాని చేతులు కట్టినా నిలవడు) (Though you tie Kamma's hands he will not be quiet) and Kammavaariki Bhumi Bhayapaduthundi (Telugu: కమ్మవారికి భూమి భయపడుతుంది ) (The earth fears Kammas)[70].

English historians like Edgar Thurston and noted agricultural scientists like M. S. Randhawa eulogized the spirit of Kamma farmers.[71][72].

Construction of dams and barrages and establishment of an irrigation system in Godavari and Krishna river deltas by Sir Arthur Cotton was a great boon to the Kamma farmers. Availability of water and the natural propensity for hard work made the Kammas wealthy and prosperous.[73] The money was put to good use by establishing numerous schools and libraries and encouraging their children to take up modern education. Among all communities, Kammas were one of the first to take to education in large numbers.[74] Over a period of 10 years, in Guntur District alone, 130 High schools and hostels were established by their initiative. The zamindars of Challapalli and Kapileswarapuram founded many schools and libraries. In the modern times, the pace of the growth in wealth accelerated due to their enterprise and notable achievements in business, real estate, farming, arts and movie industry, education, medicine, engineering, media and high technology.[75]

The Kammas of Tamil Nadu who are the descendants of migrant commanders of Vijayanagara empire have also excelled in the cultivation of black cotton soils and later diversified into various industrial enterprises, particularly in Coimbatore.[76][77][78][79][80]

In the recent past, enterprising farmers migrated to other regions such as Nizamabad, Raichur and Bellary (Karnataka), Raipur (Chattisgarh) and Sambalpur (Orissa). In the past fifty years, the enterprise of the Kammas has profoundly influenced every aspect of social, economic and political life of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and the country in general. The contribution of Kammas to the economy of the state of Andhra Pradesh is significant.

With the power of knowledge and education, a large number of Kammas have migrated to the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand etc. This migration is continuing in line with the many socio-cultural changes being experienced by the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Distribution

In the state of Andhra Pradesh, Kammas are predominantly found in Guntur and Krishna district, followed by Prakasam and Khammam Districts. Significant numbers are also found in the districts of West Godavari, Chittoor, Nizamabad, Hyderabad (India), Rangareddy, Anantapur, East Godavari and Nellore; Bellary and Bangalore districts of Karnataka; and Chennai, Coimbatore, Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kovilpatti, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Theni, Karur, Dindigal, North Arcot and South Arcot districts of Tamil Nadu.

33 comments:

  1. KAKATIYAS WERE NOT OF KAMMA CASTE.THEY NEVER SAID IT IN ANY INSCRIPTION AND WAS NOT WRITTEN IN ANY BOOK OF THE TIME.PARABRAMHA SASTRY ,A WELL KNOWEN HISTORIAN IN HIS WORK KAKATEEYULU WROTE THAT KAKATIYAS WERE YADAVAS OF VRISHNI SAKA TO WHICH YADAVA DYNASTY OF DEVAGIRI BELONGED.SIDDESWARA CHARITRA OF KASSEPPA,OF THE TIME,ALSO WROTE THEY WERE YADAVAS.KAMMA THEORY HAS VEHEMENTLY BEEN PROFAGATED BY SO CALLED HISTORIANS OF KAMMA CASTE.THERE IS NO EVIDENCE AT ALL.THE VELANATI CHODAS AND KOTA DYNASTIES WERE ALSO NOT KAMMA.THEY DID NOT SAID IT.AS FOR PALANATI VEERA CHARITRA WRITER UMAKANTA VIDYASHEKARLU KOTA DYNASTY WAS HAIHAYA DYNASTY.JAYAPA SENANI BELONGED TO AYYAVAMSAM FROM TAMILANADU IN THE SERVICE OF KANCHI CHOLAS AS PER THEIR INSCRIPTIONS IN VIJAYAWADA MALLIKARJUNA SWAMY TEMPLE THEY WERE YADAVAS.

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    1. well said,no history of kammas any where,any books also

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    2. " The Kotas of Dhanamjaya Gothra appear as the second among the four important branches of Kshatriyas in Telugu land"
      - page 174 'History of Andhra Country'
      1000AD-1500AD by Yashoda Devi. Book published by Gyan Publishing House.
      -------------------
      " DHARANIKOTA -
      Ganna Bhupala Dantuluri was ruling a tract about Dharanikota about 1400 A.D. was of Kota lineage. Famous Telugu poet Srinatha wrote 'Dhananjaya Vijayam' and dedicated it to Dantuluri Gannabhupala. Mahamuni Kavya Kanta Ganapathi Shastry mentioned in his book that King Dantuluri Gannabhupala gave away his daughter Surambika to Ana Vema Reddy who ruled Addanki. This was mentioned to be the first marriage between Kshatriya and Reddy communities"
      (Source worldlibrary. org)
      ---------------
      గుంటూరు జిల్లా మల్కాపురంలో శిధిలావస్థలో ఉన్న ఒక దేవాలయంలో నంది విగ్రహం పై ఒక శాసనం ఉన్నది. దాని నెంబరు 395. (A. R. No. 94 of 1917.). ఈ శాసనం కాకతీయులు సూర్యవంశపు క్షత్రియులని తెలుపుచున్నది. గణపతిదేవుని శాసనం, కాకతీయ కులగురువగు శివదేవముని శాసనం, గణపతిదేవుని దండనాధుని శాసనం మొదలైన శాసనాలు కాకతీయులు క్షత్రియులని తెలుపుచున్నవి.

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    3. I agree Kakatiyas were neither Kammas or Reddys. My guided impression remains they are Rajus. Historical facts being distorted for political ends is the trend, I suppose.

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  2. The Hell ?! Well if they are that proud of their "caste", WHY THE HELL DO THEY MIGRATE to the PREDOMINANTLY CHRISTIAN nations like the US, UK, CANADA and AUSTRALIA ??? Lol, it is funny !!

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    1. Why did man explore the unknown world and colonize? Why does man continue to explore space and seek to colonize. Inherent human nature, I believe. I don't see any relation with caste and religion for exploration & migration. Prosperity of this 'caste' in the 'Christian' countries speaks of the goodwill earned due to their industrious and broadminded nature. Their dynamic adaptability is to be appreciated indeed.

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  3. ABOUT KAKTIYAS AND KOTA KINGS
    The Telugu speaking Kshatriyas (Rajus) have Rishi Gothras and also Raja Pravaras ( which indicate/describe their Royal lineage).
    Rishi Pravara indicates to which Rishi ( Sage) disciples they have been.
    Raja Pravara indicates to which Royal Race or lineage they belong.
    At Rajus' ceremonies the Brahmins and Bhatrajus/Bhattus (Bards/ Minstrels) recite these Rishi and Raja Pravaras of Rajus.
    Rajus have four Gothras ( Vashishta, Dhananjaya, Koundinya and Kashyapa).
    Rajus claim that they are descendants of Four Dynasties that ruled the Telugu land.
    These 4 Dynasties are :
    a) PARICHEDIS ( Guhila , Vishnukundin Clan )
    b) KOTA/ DHARANI KOTA ( Vishnuvardhan , Eastern Chalukya Clan )
    c) KAKATI/KAKATIYA ( Karikala Chola, Kakati Prola Raju Clan).
    d) VARNATA ( Aditya chola, Varnata Rajendra Chola Clan).
    Information available on this topic in Telugu book " Andhra Samsthanamulu - Sahitya Poshana" published by Andhra University. This book was published form of Ph.D thesis submitted by Dr. Thoomati Donappa ( Former Vice Chancellor of Telugu University).
    Another reference book on this subject is " Sri Andhra Kshatriya Vamsa Ratnakaram" by Budharaju Varahalaraju.
    Extract from a Telugu language book ' KSHATRIYANVAYAMANJUSHA' by Sri. Duvvuri Jagannadha Sharma

    KOTA( DHARANIKOTA) Kings (' Dhananjaya' is their Gothram/ Gothra )
    ఋషి ప్రవర:-
    శ్రీమద్వైశ్వామిత్ర మధుచ్చందో ధనుంజయ త్రయార్షేయ ప్రవరాన్విత ధనుంజయ గోత్ర:.
    రాజప్రవర:-
    భరత్ పరిక్షిత్ విష్ణువర్ధన ప్రవరాన్విత కోట హరిసీమ కృష్ణ మహారాజ వంశ'
    (King Bharat - Parikshit - Vishnuvardhna - Kota Hariseema Krishna Maharaja).
    Hoyasala king Vishnuvardhana was also mentioned in this clan.
    King Raja Raja Narendra ( who ruled from Rajahmundry) belong to this Clan only.
    King Hariseema krishna who ruled from Dharanikota ( Amaravathi) belong to this Race. King Dantuluri GannaBhoopaludu who patronized Telugu poet Srinadhudu/ Srinadha, King Rudraraju who ruled Nathavati seema ( present day Madhira-Khammam, Nandigama belt of Telengana and Andhra states respectively), Tuni ( East Godavari) 'Dantuluri' Zamindars, 'Nallaparaju' zamindars belong to this Gothra only.
    Rudraraju ( Nathavati king) was also GENERAL of the Kakatiyas, he married Ganapamba of Kakatiya family. Rudraraju surname Rajus are direct descendants of this Natavati king.

    KAKATI / KAKATIYA ( Kashayapa Gothra) :
    కాస్యప గోత్రమునకు 2 ఋషి ప్రవరలున్నవి. అవి ఏమనగా:
    • శ్రీ మత్ కాశ్యపా వత్సార నైధృవం భరైభం శండిల శాండిల్య సప్తార్షేయ ప్రవరాన్విత కాస్యపగోత్ర:
    • శ్రీమత్కాస్యపావత్సార నైధృవత్రయార్షేయ ప్రవరాన్విత కాస్యపగోత్ర:
    రాజప్రవర:-
    కుశపుండరీక కరికాళచోల మహారాజ ప్రవరాన్విత కాకతీయ ప్రోలరాజ వంశ:
    ( Kusha- Pundareeka - Karikala Chola - Kakatiya Prola Raja Clan)
    Kakatiyas are descendants of Karikala Chola King.
    Kakatiya Gothra is Kashyapa. ' Mandapati ' kings who ruled from Ongole were Kakatiya contemporaries also of Kashyapa Gothra. Mandapati Ramabhadra Raju was famous among the Ongole Mandapati kings. Tanuku original 'Uppalapati' Zamindars also belong to this Gothra only. Kakatiyas had matrimonial alliances with the other Gothra Rajus viz. Eastern Chalukya ( who ruled from Nidadavolu) and Rudrarajus ( Natavati seema kings) of Dhananjaya gothra, Gudimetta Sagi/Chagi/Saagi kings of Vashishta gothra.

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  4. Now KCR is trying to tell that Kakatiya's are Reddy rajus

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    1. Kakatiyas used to have Reddy as their surname before taking up Deva and Devi.

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    2. Kakatiyas are neither Reddys nor Kammas. They had a distinct identity of their own and are Rajus by caste. Distortion of history for political ends and prestige is such a shame. Andhra history is rich in the prowess of all castes and clans in their own chosen spheres.

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    3. First of all kammas are not kshatriyas. Kammas are classified as shudras in chaturvarna system. It is not my theory it's a fact.

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    4. Yes KCR sir is correct, the Reddy clan belongs to Suryavanshi Rashtrakut Monarchs of Deccan 4 - 1050 AD and the term Reddy comes from Rathod, Rathodi, Rattadi,Raddi and finally Reddy from 1050 AD onwards due to changes in the souhern language of kannada and telugu, Nanniah a brahman to write the first telugu version of sanskrit Mahabharata borrowed 19 letters from Sanskrit in 1050 AD and telugu became an advanced version than its older version. The early founders of Kakatiya dynasty belonged to the Rashtrakuts as well and after collapse of the dynasty they became samanthas of chalukyas of kalyani and floated Varaha as Rajalanchana and after transforming themselves as independent rulers they brought back the Garuda as their official Rajalanchana and declared themselves as Suryavanshi like their parent dynasty of the Imperial Rashtrakuts. Yadavas were present in deccan during Rashtrakut period but were mainly golla folks and were under the control of Rashtrakut Reddy clan Monarchs. Royal Rebel, Royal Kshatriya Reddy Association, Kondarya Reddygar burz, Kurnool.

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  5. Now KCR is trying to tell that Kakatiya's are Reddy rajus

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    1. Yes brother Reddy clan belongs to Suryavanshi Rashtrakut monarchs of Deccan 4 - 1050 AD,the term Reddy comes from Rathod, Rathodi, Rattadi, Raddi and Reddy from 1050 AD onwards, in Rashtrakut dynasty yadavas were under the control of the Rashtrkut Reddygar as golla folks only and kakatiya kingdom was formed by the remnants of the Rashtrakut Reddygar family of Venne Rattadi.

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  6. The Four Dynasties that ruled the Telugu land.
    ( All these have origins of still old dynasties of Andhra and north India)
    These 4 Dynasties are :
    a) PARICHEDIS ( Guhila , Vishnukundin Clan )
    b) KOTA/ DHARANI KOTA ( Kubja Vishnuvardhana , Eastern Chalukya Clan )
    c) KAKATI/KAKATIYA ( Karikala Chola, Kakati Prola Raju Clan).
    d) VARNATA ( Aditya chola, Varnata Rajendra Chola Clan).
    Information available on this topic in Telugu book " Andhra Samsthanamulu - Sahitya Poshana" published by Andhra University. This book was published form of Ph.D thesis submitted by Dr. Thoomati Donappa ( Former Vice Chancellor of Telugu University).
    Another reference book on this subject is " Sri Andhra Kshatriya Vamsa Ratnakaram" by Budharaju Varahalaraju.
    Another language book ' KSHATRIYANVAYAMANJUSHA' by Sri. Duvvuri Jagannadha Sharma
    "శ్రీ మన్మహాపరిచ్చేదక వర్ణాట కోట కాకతీ వంశ పాటవముల వసిష్ట కౌండిన్య వర ధనంజయ కాస్యపాఖ్య గోత్రంబుల నతిశయిల్లు" అని శ్రీ మాన్ పరవస్తు వెంకటాచార్యులు వ్రాశారు
    AFTER FALL OF THESE DYNASTIES, THE RAJUS ( Telugu Kshatriyas) EMERGED AS ZAMINDARS :

    o Charmahal : Kalidindi ( Koundinya Gothra)
    o Golugonda : Bhupathiraju clan ( Dhananjaya Gothra)
    o Karvetinagar ( Chittoor District near Tirupati)
    o Kota Uratla-Thangedu ( East Godavari) : Saagi / Sagi ( Vashishta Gothra)
    o Mogalthur (West Godavari) : Kalidindi (Kaundiyasa Gothra) clan
    o Ongole : Mandapati ( Kashyapa Gothra)
    o Padmanabham : Saagi/ Sagi clan (Vashshta Gothra)
    o Peddapuram : Vatsavayi / Vatsavaya ( Vashishta Gothra)
    o Rajamundry : Pusapati /Poospati (Vashishta Gothra)
    o Ramachandrapuram ( Kota Ramachandra Puram) : Kakarlapudi ( Vashishta Gothra)
    o Tanuku ( West Godavari) : Uppalapati ( Kasyapa gothra ),but later this zamindari was trasferred to Mullapudi ( Kamma caste) family.
    o TUNI , East Godavari : Dantuluri ( Dhananjaya Gothra)
    o Vizianagaram : Pusapati / Poosapti ( Vashishta Gothra)
    o Thettu ( Nellore district) : Vezendla/ Vejella ( Vashishta Gothra)
    o Thoyyeru ,Koppuram : Nallaparaju ( Dhananjaya gothra)

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    1. inscriptions of kadapa dirstict in kamalapuram taluk chennakesavalayam temple .....Erigal muttaraja(mudhiraju) dhanujaya muttaraju...navapriya muttaraju clearly said that their ancestors KARIKALA CHOLA MUTURAJU...so that kakatiyas are purely muturajas

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  7. It doesnot matter how all these castes came up and who is superior. All Indians should work together as one. Our recognition with a caste or religion starts with our birth and ends with death but our good deeds move beyond us. So stop worrying about caste/religion and live like human beings.

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  9. the karikala chola is Muttarajas . family .in early A.C 575 inscriptions of kadapa dirstict in kamalapuram taluk chennakesavalayam temple .....Erigal muttaraja(mudhiraju) dhanujaya muttaraju...navapriya muttaraju clearly said that their ancestors KARIKALA CHOLA MUTURAJU...so that kakatiyas are purely muturajas

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  11. first you people have to know.. Rani Rudramma is not from any Other casts like kamma,yadav or reddy she z from Velama Caste. you people shouls aware of this fact other wise just go and search the History. She marreid Velama Dora King. Even Her life style totally like a Velama Dora Lady life style she Lived. they are Kings On that time.

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    1. Rani Rudrama Devi married Eastern Chalukya Royal family member Veerabhadra ( then Price of Nidadavole, present day West Godavari district). Kakatiya's/Rudrama Devi Gothra ' Kashyapa' and Veerabhadra's Gothra ' Dhananjaya ', these gothras belong to Raju ( Telugu Speaking Kshatriya Community).Eastern Chalukyas are descendants of King Kubja Vishnuvardhana. Dhananajaya Gothra Rajus belong to the same clan. Dhananjaya Gotra Rajus' RAJA PRAVARA also indicates it i.e
      ధనంజయ గోత్ర రుషి, రాజ ప్రవరలు
      ఋషి ప్రవర:- శ్రీమద్వైశ్వామిత్ర మధుచ్చందో ధనుంజయ త్రయార్షేయ ప్రవరాన్విత ధనుంజయ గోత్ర:.
      రాజప్రవర:- భరత్ పరిక్షిత్ విష్ణువర్ధన ప్రవరాన్విత కోట హరిసీమ కృష్ణ మహారాజ వంశ:
      ----------------------------
      Ganapati Deva's sister Melambika was married to the second son of Chagi Buddaraju, who was ruling Natavadi region. Ganapatideva's first daughter Rudramadevi was married to Veerabhadra, Eastern Chalukyanprince of Nidadavolu and his second daughter Ganapamba was married to Kota Betaraja. After this marital alliance with the three Kshatriya clans of Chagis, Eastern Chalukyas and Kota Vamsa, Kakatiyas started claiming Kshatriya status as evidenced by an inscription found in Guntur District. As Rudramma Devi's husband Veerabhadra was from Eastern Chalukya family of Kashyapa gotra, subsequently Kakatiya rulers mentioned themselves as Kshatriyas of Kashyapa Gotra in their inscriptions."
      SOURCE / LINK : http: /tourismwarangal. blogspot.in/2012 /09/ kakatiya- dynasty. html
      -----------------------------
      Kakatiya Family members married non- Kashyapa Gothra Rajus ( Dhananjaya, Kaundinya and Vashishta).They exactly fit into Raju ( Telugu Kshatriya) Rishi Gothra, Rishi Pravara and Raja Paravara pattern.
      Historians to look at all these points before they come to any conclusion.

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  12. And If you people see the History There z no other Ruler From Kamma Cast up even now except all are Velama Kings Only Few from Reddy cast, Kammas are comes under Velama Cast as long ago. But due to the Rules ion Velama Cast they just came out from Velama Cast and Formed as Separate One.

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    1. VIJAYAWADA HISTORY
      Bezawada ( Modern day Viajayawada) was ruled by Parchchedi Dynasty of Vishnukundin lineage.
      Parichchedis ( Vishnukindin lineage) are Raju ( Telugu Speaking Kshatriyas) of 'Vashishta' Gothra.
      Information available on this topic in Telugu book " Andhra Samsthanamulu - Sahitya Poshana" published by Andhra University. This book was published form of Ph.D thesis submitted by Dr. Thoomati Donappa ( Former Vice Chancellor of Telugu University).
      Another reference book on this subject is " Sri Andhra Kshatriya Vamsa Ratnakaram" by Budharaju Varahalaraju.
      Extract from a Telugu language book ' KSHATRIYANVAYAMANJUSHA' by Sri. Duvvuri Jagannadha Sharma

      INFORMATION / SOME REFERENCES

      PARICHCHEDIS ( ' Vashishta' is their Gothram/ Gothra ) :
      రాజప్రవర :- రఘులవ గుహిల మహారాజ ప్రవరాన్విత పరిచ్చేది శ్రీ దేవవర్మ మహారాజ వంశ:

      " Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (Ancestor of Pusapatis of Vizianagaram)". source : wikipedia
      LINK : wiki/ Vijayawada

      PARICHCHEDI DYNASTY
      "The Maha Parichchedis belonging to Vashishta gotra mentioned as one of the four important sects among Rachavaru - Andhra Kshatriyas even to this day"
      - page 187 'History of Andhra Country' 1000AD-1500AD by Yashoda Devi. Book published by Gyan Publishing House.
      • No. 45. (A.R. No. 491 of 1906.) Pulivendla, Pulivendla Taluk, Cuddapah District. On a slab set up at the entrance of the Ranganathasvamin temple. Krishnaraya, AD 1509. This is dated Saka 1431, Sukla, Kartika su. 12, Monday, corresponding to AD 1509, 24 October, which was, however, Wednesday and not Monday. It records a gift of the village Kunddal Kundu to the god Sri Ranga Raju of Pulivindla by Narasayya Deva Maharaju, brother of Basava Raju, son of Tamma Raju, grandson of Valla Bharaya and great-grandson of Bejawada Madhava Varma of Vasishtha-gotra and Surya-vamsa. The gift village is said to be situated in Pulivindalasthala, a subdivision of Mulkinadu in Gandhi Kotasima of Udayagiri Rajya.
      - INCRIPTION No. 45 ( A.R.No.491 of 1906)

      Vizianagaram 'Poosapati ( Pusapati)' Rulers are direct descendants of the King Madhava Varma.
      Peddapuram ( East Godavari) 'Vatsavayi' Kings, Gudimetta ' Chagi ( Saagi) ' rulers,Kota Ramachandrapuram (Near Kakinada) 'Kakarlapudi' Zamindars,Thettu ( Nellore district) 'Vejendla ( Vezella)' Zamindars , Anakaplle (Vizag) Saagi/ Sagi rulers ( Payakarao was their title)belong to this clan only.
      FREEDOM FIGHTER ALLURI SEETHARAMA RAJU also belonged to this Clan/gothra.

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    2. ధరణి కోట / కోట రాజ వంశం గురించి
      అమరావతి ధరణి కోట రాజ్యము లోని భాగం. ధరణి కోట ని మొదట శాతవాహనులు , తదుపరి కోట వంశము వారు పాలించారు. ఈ కోట వంశం వారు "ధనంజయ" గోత్ర క్షత్రియులు. హరిసీమ కృష్ణుడు ఈ వంశము లోని ముఖ్య రాజు. కేతరాజు, రుద్రరాజు పేరుగల పాలకులు కూడా ప్రసిద్ధులు.మరొక రాజు దంతులూరు గన్న భూపాలుడు. తెలుగు కవి శ్రీనాధుడు 'ధనంజయ విజయము' అనే కావ్యాన్ని ఈ రాజుకి అంకితం ఇచ్చారు. ఇప్పటికీ రాజుల్లో ( అనగా తెలుగు క్షత్రియుల్లో ) ' ధనంజయ' గోత్రీకులు ఉన్నారు.
      తుని ' దంతులూరి' జామిందారులు , తొయ్యేరు ' నల్లపురాజు' జామిందారులు, 'రుద్రరాజు', , దాట్ల, దండు, పెన్మెత్స, భూపతిరాజు మొదలైన 'ధనంజయ' గోత్ర రాజులూ ( తెలుగు క్షత్రియులు) ఈ రాజ వంశము వారె .
      దీని గురించి మరింత సమాచారము యశోద దేవి గారి వ్రాసిన ' హిస్టరీ అఫ్ ఆంధ్ర కంట్రీ' 1000 - 1500 AD ', తూమాటి దోణప్ప గారి ' ఆంధ్ర సంస్థానములు - సాహిత్య పోషణ' పుస్తకాల్లో , వరల్డ్ లైబ్రరీ . కాo లో చూడవచ్చు ను.

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  13. simply we can say that there is no History for the Kamma Cast. they are sepeated from Velama Cast Only

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  14. Kammas are referred as shudras. We have Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vyshyas and Shudras. Other than first 3 the remaining are part of shudra. Many communities tried to get the name of Kshatriyas but they were rejected as the gothras, Rishi parvas, Kuladevi and Devta s will tell whether you are Kshatriya or shudra. Kamma community has developed well in Andhra where as they are still developing and back ward caste in Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Orissa states. There were so many books written by kamma community members saying how proud they are feeling - being shudra and what they have achieved. After the british empire, when the kingdoms were fallen, chaudri(Tahseldar) used to manage all the lands of the king and hence recently they were given some king names. We should be proud of being what we are. We should not get others caste name. Our caste is kamma and we are shudras as per our Indian history. Please remember, Andhra is a small state. The whole indian caste system us very strong. Other states people knows who we are. Similarly marathas were rejected by brahmans as they tried for Kshatriya status. Though shivaji-marathas fought with muguls they are still shudras and not Kshatriyas. As kamma community is very less. Let us not lie our caste.

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    1. REFERRENCES ON RAJUS ( The Telugu speaking Kshatriyas)

      " Those who claim themselves to be Kshatriyas are in fact known by local names, in the Punjab - the Khatris; in Bihar,U.P.,Rajashtna and madhya Pradesh - The Rajputs or the Thakurs; and in Andhra Pradesh the Rajus"
      - Page Nos. 239,240 A social history of India by S.N.sadasivan. Published by APH Publishing.
      ------------------------
      ." The Rāzus, Mr. Stuart writes further, ...... .. As a class they are the handsomest and best developed men in the country, and differ so much in feature and build from other Hindus that they may usually be distinguished at a glance"
      - source : 'Castes and Tribes of Southern India' by Edgar Thuston
      -----------------------
      Sri V. Ramachandra Rao's article "A Brief note on the RAJU community of Andhra Pradesh" is available on the net.
      which provides good info. on the Raju community.
      -----------------------
      Amaravati was part of 'Dharanikota' kingdom. It was first ruled by Satavahanas and also was ruled by 'Kota Kings / Kota Chiefs' who were Rajus ( Telugu Kshatriyas ) of Dhanunjaya Gothra. According to Wikipedia the country on the southern bank of Krishna river was ruled by these Dhanunja gotra kings as a defecto independent power for over 150 years beginning of the 12th century to the last quarter of the 13th century .
      Kota Chiefs had marital relations with Kakatiya kings.
      Kota Hariseema Krishna was a Popular King among Kota Kings. Other kings were Bhima Raju, Keta Raju, Rudraraju, Dantuluri Gannabupaludu. Telugu poet Srinadhudu dedicated his literary work " Dhananjaya Vijayamu' to the King Dantuluri Gannabhupaludu. It was also seen that Telugu poet Mangalagiri Ananda Kavi dedicated his literary work " Vijayananda Vilasamu" to Datla Venkatrama Nrupudu ( Datla venkatrama Raju) of Kota lineage. Present Rajus / Dhananjaya Gotra Rajus of surnames Dantuluri ( Tuni Zamindars of this surname), Nallaparaju Zamindars, Datla, Dandu, Rudraraju, Bhupatiraju, Penmetsa andother surnames of Dhananjaya gotra Rajus are descendants of this dynasty.

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  15. My family are from Tamil Nadu we belong to padma Nayaka velama and later on it became padma velama Naidu by 16th century we built our own house by bricks and stones and we were the first family to build our own house so that we are called kalveedu parambarai (stone house hereditary) our gothra is padma velama gothra my grandma said our ancestors are from krishnadevaraya hereditary I don't know wether we were kings or zamindars but my grandfather had lands and he used to do farming our family built the temple in that village in 16 the century and it's been our kuladeivam only our family is allowed to go near the statue but my confusion is if we are padma velama Nayaka then we should belong to kakatiya dynasty but my elders say that we are from krishnadevaraya is from tulu dynasty can someone clear me

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  16. My family are from Tamil Nadu we belong to padma Nayaka velama and later on it became padma velama Naidu by 16th century we built our own house by bricks and stones and we were the first family to build our own house so that we are called kalveedu parambarai (stone house hereditary) our gothra is padma velama gothra my grandma said our ancestors are from krishnadevaraya hereditary I don't know wether we were kings or zamindars but my grandfather had lands and he used to do farming our family built the temple in that village in 16 the century and it's been our kuladeivam only our family is allowed to go near the statue but my confusion is if we are padma velama Nayaka then we should belong to kakatiya dynasty but my elders say that we are from krishnadevaraya is from tulu dynasty can someone clear me

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  17. ANOTHER VERSION OF INFOMRATION ON VIJAYANAGAR DYNASTY AND ITS RULERS.
    Link : http://kanakaraju.hpage.com/history-of-kshatriyas_52565456.html
    Out of the four clans that ruled the Vijayanagara empire, two clans Saluva Dynasty and Aravidu Dynasty claimed to be of the Kshatriya Varna. [65] Raja Achutya Deva Raya was extensively interviewed by Robert Sewell in order to help him in research for his book,[66] and is acknowledged by the Government of Karnataka as the direct descendant of this line. In his royal biography he takes on the title of Zamindar of Anegundi, Senior Representative of the Royal House of Vijayanagar, born 4 August 1936, adoptive son of Rani Lal Kumari, Guru (Religious Head) of the Hindu Kshatriya Community, enjoys the customary privileges and honors at Hampi Temple and at Anegondi Temple, during all religious functions as well as Muslim festivals.[67]His family states they are of the Kshatriya Raju caste and marry among Telugu speaking Kshatriya Rajus settled in this area.
    Raju families such as the Chodarajus, Nandyalas, Madirajus, Tirumalarajus, Gobburis, Saluvas (Bommarajus) of Karvetinagar, the Rajas of Owk and Matla Chiefs were all at one time or other, relatives of the Aravidu dynasty. All of these families still live in and around the Hampi area.
    • The founding brothers of the Aravidu dynasty were the son-in-laws of Krishna Deva Raya of the Tuluva Dynasty and were also related previously through marriage with the Saluva Dynasty. Gobburi Narasaraju was the nephew of Aliya Ramaraju and[68] Emperor Venkatapthi Raju was married to Gobburi Kondama,[69]the sister of the Raja of Srisailam, Gobburi Giriappa.[70] After the death of Venkatapathi Raju, from 1614-1616 there was a great war of succession. Amongst the claimants to the throne was Gobburi Jaga Deva Raju, the brother-in-law of the emperor and also a relative of the Raja of Karvetinagar, Saluva Makaraju.[71][72] The Matla Chiefs fought against the Gobburis.[73]
    • The Matli-Matla chiefs were Ellamrajus who gained the territory after defeating the Tirupatirajus in battle in 1604 AD.[74]
    • The Chodaraju's gotra was given as Kasyapa and the Nandyala's gotra was given as atreya and were described as belonging to Chandravanshi, both were related through marriage and both were appointed Mahamandaleswars during the start of the 16th century.[75][76][77][78]
    • The Madiraju's gotra was given as Kasyapa and Suryavanshi and related to the Thirumalarajus, both appointed Mahamandeleswars of Guntur area and happened to be the grandchildren of Aravidu Rama Raya.[79][80][81]
    • Madhava Varma Bejawada was mentioned in 1509 AD. as of the Vasishtha gotra and Suryavansi.[82]
    • Krishna Deva Raya defeated among others Rachi Raju Pusapati, Srinatha Raju and Lakshmipati Raju on his way to defeating Pratapa Rudra Gajapati Raju of the Gajapathi Dynasty. He immediately reinstated these rulers as his vassals and married the daughter of Pratapa Rudra as a truce offering. All this occurred between 1514-1517 AD.[83][84]
    • Ganapathirajus were described as of the Suryavanshi and Kasyapa gotra and were Mahamandaleswars in 1555 AD.[85]
    • Karvetinagar
    The current Bommaraju family of Karvetinagar are of Kshatriya Raju caste and trace their origins back to an ancestor who migrated from the Pithapuram area of the Godavari Deltaabout the 8th or 9th century. One ancestor obtained the favor of the Eastern Chalukya King, Vimala Aditya and Saluva Narasa was appointed the Chief of the region around Tirupati, where he founded a town called Narasapuram. The founder of the family Narasa was granted permission by his patron, the Chalukyas, to use the royal seal and boar-signet of the Chalukyas, a proud distinction still kept up. The family became feudatories of Vijayanagar, and had marriage alliances with the Saluva and loyalties to the Aravidu dynasties over the next two hundred years. Around the 16th century the family changed their name to the current Bommaraju, retaining Saluva as a title.[86]





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